Effect of Community Migration and Remittance on Local Forest and Land Management in North Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

This research was conducted in four forest-dependent villages of Kalimantan Indonesia which were traditionally migrated outside village even cross-country looking of job for decades. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of migration and remittance to socio-cultural changes in forest management. From out-migration, return migrants contribute thoughts for the development of family businesses, agriculture and plantation. In-migration contributes to science and education of local community. Meanwhile, out-migration leads to a decrease in productivity to manage the land and increase non-arable land. Further in and out-remittances have an impact on the utilization of agricultural and forest products. Out-remittances are used to finance the education and usually made by utilizing agricultural and forest products. While in-remittances are used to meet daily households' needs.