Formulation of Alkyd-Based Polymer Coating from Treated Seed of Tsada (Ximenia Americana) Seed Oil: Physiocochemical and Mechanical Characterization

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to synthesized Tsada oil-based alkyd coating and investigate the parameters that affect coating performance. The method used for the alkyd resin synthesis is the alcoholysis method combined with azeotropic esterification with refluxing xylene which carries away the reaction water (Marvin et al., 1954). Alkyds were formulated from Ximenia americana seed oil (XASO), glycerol, phthaleic anhydride and maleic anhydride. Performances of the cured coatings were tested in terms of film hardness, adhesion, drying time and chemical resistance test.The experimental result shows that, the synthesized coatings possess coating performance properties in terms of viscosity, chemical resistance, and adhesion. The viscosity of the alkyd increases with increase in the reaction time and concentration of maleic and pthaleic anhydride. The viscosity increase followed the trend MA₂< MA₁< PA. The chemical resistant test reveals that the alkyds from MA₁ and MA₂ have poor resistance towards acid and alkalis as the coating exhibit severe whitening during the soaking period. The result of the adhesion property test showed that alkyd PA has excellent adhesion performance relative to alkyd MA₁ and MA₂.The experimental test shows that, alkyd PA can be applicable to spraying technology due to its low viscosity. The resistance of the alkyd to alkali, peeling, flaking and blistering makes it to be used for exterior applications. However, alkyds MA₁ and MA₂ have higher viscosity and drying time, which makes them to form thicker dry film for better hiding and durability. The experimental results suggest that, XASO which is non-drying oil can make tremendous improvement in coating industry because its (XASO) better film performance which is indicated by excellent adhesion to substrate.