Pattern and Risk Factor Influencing Recurrence Pattern in Triple Negative Breast Cancer at Cancer Hospital in North India

Abstract

Background Commonest breast cancer in India among female is breast cancer. This is heterogeneous disease, one of subtype triple negative breast cancer defined as no expression of Estrogen and progesterone receptor and expression and amplification of Her2 neu. TNBC is more frequent and aggressive in younger age group. The aim of this study was to evaluate recurrence pattern and outcomes in cohort of younger age group diagnosed with TNBC.

Material and Methods- Medical record of 730 patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from January 2010 to December 2014 was retrieved. Cohort of 178 TNBC patients was included and analysed the clinical and pathological characteristic. DFS and OS curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results- Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 43.91 years (range 22-72), a total of 82 patients developed recurrence/ metastasis during 6 years of observation. The median OS and DFS for the entire group are 22 months and 11 months respectively. In patients who develop metastasis OS is 22.64 months as compared to 26.11 months in those who do not develop metastasis (p =0.08). The most common site of the first recurrence was loco-regional followed by bone and lung

Conclusion- TNBC is an aggressive disease mainly involving younger age group. The peak risk of recurrence of the disease is between the first and third year following diagnosis, and that survival after recurrence is significantly shorter than that observed in patients with non-triple-negative. Taxane based chemotherapy improves the response rate but more clinical trials are required to established more effective regimen.