Physical Properties and Structural Analysis of Activated Carbon Produced from Canarium Schweinfurthii Seed Using Acetic Acid as Alternative Reagent and Its Application on Dye Effluent

Abstract

Activated carbon was be produced from Canarium schweinfurthii seed by physical and chemical processes. Acetic acid was used as alternative chemical at various concentrations (30 – 60%). The reaction conditions were optimized at temperature range 400 – 600 ⁰C and time interval of 20 – 60 minutes. The raw atile seed and carbonized charcoal were characterized using parameters like bulk density, percentage yield, moisture content, ash content and percentage of carbon. The uncarbonized atile seed has a bulk density of 0.4348, percentage yield 93 %, moisture content 4.7 %, ash content 2.3 % and percentage of carbon 93 %, while the carbonized charcoal at temperature range of (400 – 600 0C) has a bulk density of (0.4115 – 0.4312 g/cm3), percentage yield (80.82 – 86.48 %), moisture content (13 – 17 %), ash content (6 – 2 %) and percentage of carbon of (74.005 – 84.510 %). The activated carbon was further used to decolourize dye effluent. The experimental data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. After optimization, the activated carbon was structurally analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).