Analysis of Trends in Nutritional Status and Morbidity of Under-fives among Internally Displaced Persons at Chingwizi, Mwenezi District, Zimbabwe 2014-2015

Abstract

Background: Tokwe Mukosi flooding in February 2014 forced displacement of over 2670 families from Chivi and Masvingo districts to relocate to Chingwizi in Mwenezi district. Displacement left them in need of basic facilities thereby increasing their risk of malnutrition and illness. A March 2014 survey revealed that fewer children under-five years in Chingwizi received a minimum acceptable diet (MAD) compared to those outside the camp. This study analysed trends in morbidity and nutritional status of under-fives at Chingwizi.

Methods: A secondary dataset analysis was conducted. Cumulatively, 4454 records of children under-five years who had body measurements during the review period and had sufficient demographic and anthropometric detail were analysed. Data were analyzed using Excel software and Stata.

Results: Wasting significantly declined from the first round (7.9%) through the fourth rounds (4.4%) while underweight declined from 15.1% to 12.3%. Boys were more affected by malnutrition throughout the four rounds. Morbidity declined significantly (from 37.4% to 31.9%) over four rounds, among both sexes. Overall, under-nutrition was associated with higher rates of morbidity (Underweight POR 1.27, χ² =7.0, p=0.008) and wasting in particular, was 42% more likely to result in illness (χ² =8.5, p=0.004).

Conclusion: Malnutrition and morbidity at Chingwizi significantly declined from May 2014 to March 2015 although the rates remained higher compared to the larger population. More boys than girls were affected by malnutrition. The MAD also significantly declined through subsequent rounds as food aid dwindled. Wasting and underweight were strongly associated with higher rates of under-five morbidity. Sustainable food security interventions are crucial.